HONEY: INTERACTION OF ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
José Francisco Maidana
cedia@unse.edu.ar
CEDIA-UNSE - Santiago del Estero - Argentina

Summary
In this research work, we study the physico-chemical parameters of colour, humidity, acidity and electrical conductivity, from 60 honey samples obtained from three geographical departments of Santiago del Estero (Capital, Banda y Robles). Regarding acidity, it can be observed higher values from Robles deparment, in comparison to honeys from the other deparments; and a maximum value of electrical conductivity in Banda deparment. The average values of humidity are similar in the three deparments. There is a correlation between humidity and acidity: the more moisture, the more acidity. All the honeys have a colour range correspoding to clear amber and most of them (more than 60%) are multifloral.

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BEEKEEPING AND CATTLE RAISING: Melisopalinological Study of Honeys obtained from a polyphyletic prairie with Beeekeeping and Cattle Raising suitability - Virginia García Páez and Patricio Crespo - FCNyM-UNLP - La Plata - Buenos Aires - Argentina

Summary
Within the project called beekeeping and cattle raising (sowing for bees), it was put forward not only dual purpose sowing in prairies (beekeeping and cattle raising) but also evaluating the prairies, confirming the use of these forage species by bees. On 5 hectares, it was sown Alfalfa (Medicago sativa); White Clover (Trifolium repens); Red Clover (Trifolium pratense); Lotus corniculatus and Melilotus albus. It was measured the frequency of visits of each species in specific time lags. The melisopalinological analysis of the harvested honeys is published in this edition. The beehive handling responds to the Protocol No. 11 INTA. The honey was extracted in the Town Community room of Chivilcoy district, which has the required official authorization. The pollen spectrum indicates the use of each species and allows us to deduce the choice of each nectar source, it also allows us to evaluate the feasibility of the project and add the results to our own ones from the commercial harvest.

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BEEKEEPING AND CATTLE RAISING: Measuring the frequency of visits of Apis Mellifera to different species of legumes in 5 hectares of grassland
Patricio Crespo
patriciocrespo@yahoo.com
Chivilcoy - Buenos Aires - Argentina

Introduction
In San Sebastián, Chivilcoy district, a 5-hectare polyphyletic prairie was sown with dual purpose sowing (beekeeping and cattle raising), in continuity with some other tests, also published by our editorial (Patricio Crespo, 2006 - Espacio Apícola No. 72). The purpose of said test was producing rolls of grass for dairy cows and a honey source for an apiary located in front of the prairie. This work, together with the melisopalinological analysis of the honeys obtained (García Páez and Crespo also in this edition), supports the use by bees of the implanted prairie and a practice that has been very useful for beekeepers since we first implemented it in 2002 - 2003. We decided to count the number of bees that visit each of the species in order to identify their preference in relation to these forage legumes, great allies of beekeeping (Bianco and Kraus, 2005 - Espacio Apícola No. 67).
- Materials y Method
- Surrounding Flora
- Comments and Conclusion


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Study on Native Flora for Organic Production of Honeys and Pollen Grains
Mónica Wingenroth
wingenro@lab.cricyt.edu.ar
CRICyT - Mendoza - Argentina

Front Page of the Book "Pollen Flora of Mendoza" Wingenroth 2007 (Spanish only)

Introduction
Melisopalinological studies allow us to identify the botanical origin, and thus geographical, of beekeeping products, as well as to put forward an appropriate handling of the crop in order to generate, if you want, organic quality sustainable products. In order to achieve this, it is convenient to carry out the survey of Flora and pollen Flora in the surrounding areas and to identify the pollen botanical origin in the beekeeping products and in the temporal sequences of the immature honey and of the pollen grains made by Apis mellifera L. These studies, at the beginning difficult to implement, ensure the traceability of beekeping products and consequently their quality (Esteban, 1998).
There have been many Melisopalinological investigations in the last two decades in Argentina, among which we can mention those by Andrada and Telleria (2005), Cabrera and Salgado (2005), Fagúndez et al. (2006), Faye et al. (2002), Faye and Molinelli (2003), Naab (2003), Naab and Tamame (2006), Oliva, Costa et al. (2003, 2004, 2007), Salgado (2006), Sánchez and Lupo (2006), Tamame and Naab (2004), Wingenroth (2000, 2001, 2001,2004, 2007,2007).
When the production system is developed in natural environments, with native flora, the results of investigations may provide added value to the characteristic products of the area, boost the economy in rural areas, and preserve ecosystems throught a balanced use of natural heritage, from the acquired knowledge.
Subtitles:
- Location
- Weather
- Flora
- Pollen
- Library on Melisopalinology
- Materials y Methods
- Pollen Grains
- Immature Honey
- Capped honey
- Pollen identification
- Analysis and Discussion
- Climatology
- Pollen species absent and present in beekeeping products from Santa Rosa Department
- Recommendations about handling for a susteinable beekeeping production
- DOMINANT AND CHARACTERISTIC HONEY
- Capped Honey
- PROBABLE DATE OF MATURITY OF THE HONEY



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