ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROYAL JELLY FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS-CAUSING BACTERIA
Mariana García
cgarcia@exa.unrc.edu.ar
FCsEF-QyN-UNRC - Río Cuarto - Córdoba - Argentina


Staphylococcus aureus culture inhibited by different dilutions of Royal Jelly

INTRODUCTION
Royal Jelly is a nutritive secretion produced by the cephalic glands system (hypopharyngeal and mandibular) of worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) involved in sex determination and in queen bee longevity. The presence of antimicrobial properties in Royal Jelly have been well know since many years; these properties are carries out by proteins, such as "royalisine" and "jelleines", as well as by the fatty acid exclusive of royal jelly, the "10-hidroxi-2-decenoic" (2,3). Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland that produces, as a response to the damage caused by different agressive agents, microorganisms and their toxins, chemical products, traumas, extreme temperatures, etc. Most of the cases of mastitis are caused by the penetration of microorganisms, generally bacteria. It is a an infectious illness cause by more than 137 bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae are the main microorganisms responsables of said illness (4,5).
OBJECTIVE
Determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Royal Jelly Samples from different regions against Bovine Mastitis-Causing Bacteria
- Materials and Method
- Results
- Conclusions
- Bibliography


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Learning of Floral scents by Bees with or without Sting: A comparative Approach and its implications
Walter Farina, Sofía I. Mc Cabe and Andrés Arenas
walter@fbmc.fcen.uba.ar
Study Group of Social insects FCsEYN-UBA Buenos Aires - Argentina

Stingless bees of the species Tetragonsica angustula, known as Yatei, that inhabit Northeastern Argentina. Knowing the biology of insects can improve the obtaining of their products. A Highly beneficial relationship that it already has thousands of years is the breeding of Apis Mellifera. Using ancient handling techniques, nowadays we not only continue harvesting their products, but also using them to pollinate crops in a fast and effective way. The honey bees is one of the few species of insects that has invaded all the latitudes, weathers and terrestrial ecosystems, except from the icy areas surrouding the Arctic and Antarctic Poles. This bee belongs to a group or tribe of insects of only 10 species, grouped into a single name: Apis. They present a high degree of sociability and a complex collective organization of activities. Their individual and social behaviours are very developed and they have the ability of understanding fastly those clues related to rich blooms, such as their scents, colours and shapes. They can also communicate the location of these flowers inside the beehive using the known "Bee Dance", discovered by the biologist Karl von Frisch in the XXth Century.
However, there are other social bee species located in neotropical areas (tropical - subtropical) whose exploitation can give useful resources to men. This group of bees which does not have sting, so annoying and sometimes dangerous in the bees Apis, present a great diversity of species. Unlike Apis, most of social bees without sting belong to a tribe called Meliponini that includes hundreds of species devided in numerous genera and subgenera
Subtitles:
How is a Floral Scent learnt?
How is a Floral Scent transfered inside a beehive?
Implication of these results in beehive handling


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Towards a Technology of Sunflower
Juan José Mange
juanjmange@hotmail.com Villalonga - Buenos Aires - Argentina


In January of 2009, we accompanied Agronomist Juan José Mange, during his farm work in pollination of sunflower seeds, in the south of Buenos Aires province. Thereby, it arose the realization of this work that constitutes another milestone in the pollination circuit that starts in Río Negro Valley, and of which Espacio Apícola has been part through searching for common criteria, quality standars of service, care and use of the bee, in this quest of integration of beekeeping sector with other productive sectors, to achieve sustainability of beekeeping companies and optimization of fruit-and-vegetables and granaries farms.

Subtitles:
- INTRODUCTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATION
- ¿WHY POLLINATING WITH BEES?

- BEEHIVES SUITABLE TO POLLINATE SUNFLOWER
- ENTRY OF THE BEEHIVES IN THE SUNFLOWER
- INFLUENCE OF SURROUNDING FLORA
- EXPECTED RESULTS IN THE APIARIES
- RISKS THE BEEKEEPER RUNS
- RELATION BETWEEN THE BEEKEEPER AND THE FARMER

Annex
EDITOR'S REVIEW ON COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER
CURRENT SITUATION
ARGUMENTS ON VEGETAL PHYSIOLOGY
NECTAR SECRETION IN HYBRID CROPS


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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF Achyrocline satureioides AGAINST Paeneibacillus larvae, CAUSAL AGENT OF AMERICAN FOULBROOD - María Juliana González
mgonzalez@exa.unrc.edu.ar FCsEF-QyN-UNRC - Río Cuarto - Córdoba - Argentina

Details of Achyrocline satureioides essential oil caught in a Clevenger-type trap

In continuity with the tests published in Espacio Apícola No. 80 about the antimicrobial activity of vegetable extracts against the most severe bacterial disease that bees suffer, the microbiologist María Juliana González presents this new advancement which was shown on a poster in Mar del Plata Congress 2008. It must be said that from the laboratory tests, in vitro, to the application of an active principle in fieldwork, there is a long way to go. While we expect this way leads to a succesful conclusio, let's discover the secrets of "Marcela hembra" (Achyrocline satureioides)
INTRODUCTION
The use of essential oils and vegetable extracts has gained popularity and scientifical interest in the last years (Tepe et al., 2005). The investigations are developed in the search of active substances to control pathogens, due to the fact that many of them has become resistant to drugs.
Achyrocline satureioides, commonly known as "Marcela", is an herb widely distributed in South America (Núñez and Cantero, 2000).
Extracts of this species has been tested to determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger (Anesini and Pérez, 1993). The American Foulbrood is a bacterial disease that affects the larva of the domestic bee (Apis mellifera L.). It is produced by a sporulated Gram positive bacillus called Paenibacillus larvae. The control is made through chemotherapeutic treatment with veterinary medicines (Alippi, 1995). However, the crecent emergence of resistance constitutes more a threat than a solution, due to the fact that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant strains.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the antibacterial activity of different extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Paenibacillus larvae.
- Materials and Method
- Results
- Conclussions
- Bibliography


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